复活节为什么要“扮兔子”、“滚彩蛋”？ 600字高中英语作文
今年的巧合真是多，春节撞上情人节，这不清明节又撞上了西方的复活节!东方的节和西方的节，一边悼念生者的死去，一边纪念死去的复活，但都是祝颂生命的伟大，生命的延续。不妨来看看西方的复活节都有哪些风俗吧。
As with almost all "Christian" holidays, Easter has been secularized and commercialized. The dichotomous nature of Easter and its symbols, however, is not necessarily a modern fabrication.
和其它基督教节日一样，复活节正慢慢“被世俗”和“被商业”。即便如此，复活节的这两个性质和它的标志并不是必然的“现代产物”。
The history of Easter 复活节的历史
Since its conception as a holy celebration in the second century, Easter has had its non-religious side. In fact, Easter was originally a pagan festival.
“复活节是神圣的庆典”的概念在公元200年已经形成，自那时起，复活节就站在了非宗教的一方。而事实上，最初的复活节是异教徒的节日。
The ancient Saxons celebrated the return of spring with an uproarious festival commemorating their goddess of offspring and of springtime, Eastre. When the second-century Christian missionaries encountered the tribes of the north with their pagan celebrations, they attempted to convert them to Christianity. They did so, however, in a clandestine manner.
古撒克逊人庆祝春至时非常热闹，因为这也纪念他们祖先和春天的“复活”。在公元200年，基督教的传教士并偶然来到这个拥有异教庆典的北方部落。这些传教士尝试让撒克逊人改信基督教，而他们使用的方法非常隐秘。
It would have been suicide for the very early Christian converts to celebrate their holy days with observances that did not coincide with celebrations that already existed. To save lives, the missionaries cleverly decided to spread their religious message slowly throughout the populations by allowing them to continue to celebrate pagan feasts, but to do so in a Christian manner.
早期的基督教人为了庆祝他们神圣的节日而在仪式中自杀，然而这些仪式并没有与以前的庆祝仪式相类似。为了拯救生命，传教士略施小计，在人群中慢慢散布神明的信息，谎称神明允许人们继续庆祝异教节日，但是要使用基督教的方式进行庆祝。
As it happened, the pagan festival of Eastre occurred at the same time of year as the Christian observance of the Resurrection of Christ. It made sense, therefore, to alter the festival itself, to make it a Christian celebration as converts were slowly won over. The early name, Eastre, was eventually changed to its modern spelling, Easter.
就这样，复活节在同年出现了，而且被当作耶稣复活的基督教仪式。因此，这个节日就慢慢被改变，渐渐转变为基督教的一个节日。于是，人们渐渐皈依基督教。而复活节早期的名字Eastre，最后也被改成流传至今的拼法Easter。
The date of Easter 复活节的日期
Prior to A.D. 325, Easter was variously celebrated on different days of the week, including Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. In that year, the Council of Nicaea was convened by emperor Constantine. It issued the Easter Rule which states that Easter shall be celebrated on the first Sunday that occurs after the first full moon on or after the vernal equinox. However, a caveat must be introduced here. The "full moon" in the rule is the ecclesiastical full moon, which is defined as the fourteenth day of a tabular lunation, where day 1 corresponds to the ecclesiastical New Moon. It does not always occur on the same date as the astronomical full moon. The ecclesiastical "vernal equinox" is always on March 21. Therefore, Easter must be celebrated on a Sunday between the dates of March 22 and April 25.
在公元325年之前，复活节的庆祝时间可以是一周中不同的时间，而这些时间包括星期五、星期六和星期天。在那些年里，康斯坦丁大帝组建了尼西亚理事会。这个理事会制定了复活节的标准：复活节应该在第一个满月后或是春分后的第一个星期进行庆祝。在这里，我们要作一下解释。在规定中所指的“满月”是基督教的满月，而“满月”的时间定在阴历月份的第十四天，那么，这个月的1号就是基督教的“新月”。由于天文满月，复活节的日期不会是每年的同一天。另外，基督教的“春分”通常是3月21日。因此，复活节必须在3月22日-4月24日之间的其中一个星期天进行庆祝。
The Lenten season 四旬斋季节
Lent is the forty-six day period just prior to Easter Sunday. It begins on Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras (French for "Fat Tuesday") is a celebration, sometimes called "Carnival," practiced around the world, on the Tuesday prior to Ash Wednesday. It was designed as a way to "get it all out" before the sacrifices of Lent began. New Orleans is the focal point of Mardi Gras celebrations in the U.S. Read about the religious meanings of the Lenten Season.
四旬斋是早期复活节里面为期46天的时期。四旬斋开始于圣灰星期三。“狂欢节”也称为“嘉年华”。在早期，它横跨星期三和圣灰星期四，是一个全世界都进行的庆典。在四旬斋献祭开始前，狂欢节是一个使人身心舒畅的节日。其中，新奥尔良是美国狂欢节的焦点。因此，我们要好好理解四旬斋的宗教含义。
The Easter Bunny 复活兔
The Easter Bunny is not a modern invention. The symbol originated with the pagan festival of Eastre. The goddess, Eastre, was worshipped by the Anglo-Saxons through her earthly symbol, the rabbit.
复活兔并不是现代产物。复活兔起源于异教的复活节。当时，耶稣的世俗象征是一个兔子，并被盎格鲁撒克逊人供奉着。
The Germans brought the symbol of the Easter rabbit to America. It was widely ignored by other Christians until shortly after the Civil War. In fact, Easter itself was not widely celebrated in America until after that time.
而德国人将复活兔带到了美国。直至美国南北战争后，复活兔才被大多数基督教人士所重视。事实上，在这次内战结束后，复活节也未在美国被人们广泛地庆祝。
复活蛋
The Easter Egg 复活蛋
As with the Easter Bunny and the holiday itself, the Easter Egg predates the Christian holiday of Easter. The exchange of eggs in the springtime is a custom that was centuries old when Easter was first celebrated by Christians.
与复活兔和复活节一样，复活蛋预示着复活节即将到来。当基督教徒庆祝第一个复活节后，人们开始春天互相交换复活蛋，而这已成为了人们好几百年的习俗。
From the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures. Eggs were often wrapped in gold leaf or, if you were a peasant, colored brightly by boiling them with the leaves or petals of certain flowers.
在早期，复活蛋在许多文明中象征着“再生”。人们常常用金色的叶子包裹复活蛋，或是农民的做法：将复活蛋画得色彩斑斓，并把它和叶子或是真花瓣一起煮沸。
Today, children hunt colored eggs and place them in Easter baskets along with the modern version of real Easter eggs -- those made of plastic or chocolate candy.
在今天，孩子们到处搜刮复活蛋，并将这些蛋放到复活节篮子中。为什么呢?因为现代的复活蛋是用软糖或巧克力做的。
高考英语试题中定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.
A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops.
A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are
(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand”
A. that B. which C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：
David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.
A. like B. that C. which D. as
4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：
(1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
(2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：
(4) George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that B. him C. them D. whom
(5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university students.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：
(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词
(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。
(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。
6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：
(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。
(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。
(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。
(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。
(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。
7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：
(1) If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and it D. that
(2) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(3) Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
(4) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
